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Inequalities in oral health are influenced by the social strata of the population. Few studies have focused on the multitude of factors related to social development as indicators of living conditions and periodontal health status. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between self-reported periodontal conditions and the Social Development Index (SDI). A cross-sectional validated questionnaire was carried out among 1294 Mexican adults. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the best predictors of self-reported periodontal conditions. Bone loss reporting was used as a proxy for the presence of periodontal disease. We found that higher global scores on the SDI and quality and available space in the home (QASH) increase the probability of having bone loss. Global SDI (OR = 7.27) and higher QASH (OR = 3.66) were indeed the leading societal factors related to periodontal disease. These results have pointed out how SDI and its indicators, in particular QASH, can be used to further explore inequities related to privileged access to dental care in the context of periodontal diseases.
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Risk factors for severe COVID-19 are also associated with periodontitis. They are smoking, older age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to select and analyze publications that consider a possible relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and the severity of COVID-19. Material and methods. The search for publications by the key words was conducted using the electronic databases: Cochrane Library;MEDLINE, eLIBRARY for systematic review. We selected 94 publications, the systematic review included 10 scientific articles presenting the results of randomized trials. Results. The results of the analysis showed the connection between COVID-19 severity and inflammatory periodontal diseases presence. In the patients with severe COVID-19 on the background of periodontitis it was established a high risk for artificial lung ventilation prescription. The course of COVID-19 is possibly depending on high expression of ACE2 receptors in oral mucosal cells and aspiration of pathogenic bacteria from periodontal tissues with saliva on the background of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The bacterial etiology of periodontitis plays important role of an immunological trigger that causes hyperreaction of humoral and cellular immunity, NETosis activation and NLRP3 inflammation. Conclusion. The presence of periodontitis in patients with overweight and obesity, DM or hypertension may be associated with severe COVID-19 course, possible development of complications and pneumonia.Copyright © Eco-Vector, 2023. All rights reserved.
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Case presentation: Supportive periodontal care (SPC) is defined as step IV by the 2020 and 2022 EFP Guidelines for the treatment of periodontitis stages I-IV. SPC aims to maintain periodontal stability after active periodontal treatment is finished and the endpoints of periodontal therapy are achieved. SPC presumes preventive and therapeutic procedures performed at individualised, patient-based intervals. This case report describes a patient, 43 y/o female, with diagnoses of generalised periodontitis stage IV, grade C and periodontal health on reduced periodontium who was enrolled in longterm SPC provided at 3 - 4-monthly intervals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the patient did not report for regular SPC due to personal fears of the contagion. After 20 months of absence, the patient was admitted for SPC. The comprehensive periodontal exam showed excellent oral hygiene (FMPS=7%), the presence of five 4 and 5 mm pockets and relapse of periodontal inflammation (FMBS=42%). The affected areas were mostly in the lower jaw. As periodontitis is a chronic disease, patients need to be continuously monitored. SPC reduces the probability of disease progression and tooth loss, as timely re-treatment can be provided in cases of disease recurrence. Various factors can contribute to disease relapse. In terms of the described patient, despite good oral hygiene, factors such as psychological stress and unhealthy living habits experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic might have negatively impacted the innate host response and led to disease relapse.
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The world is becoming more diverse as the population of older adults continues to increase. According to the CDC, approximately 36% of the population belongs to a racial or ethnic minority group. Older adults are living longer and are expected to comprise an estimated 24% of the population by 2060. The older population is more likely to experience greater health challenges that include oral complications. Oral diseases such as tooth decay, tooth loss, gum disease, dry mouth, oral cancer and precancer, as well as chronic diseases are the most common. While there has been significant improvement in life expectancy, oral health, and overall health in the United States, there is a greater prevalence of oral disease and health disparities in minority and poor populations. Social determinants of health such as education, income, race, and access to care are contributing factors that are related to these health disparities among older adults. African Americans and other older adult people of color are disproportionately affected. Health literacy, dental coverage, and living conditions are other health disparities that contribute to the oral health of older adults. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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Risk factors for severe COVID-19 are also associated with periodontitis. They are smoking, older age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to select and analyze publications that consider a possible relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and the severity of COVID-19. Material and methods. The search for publications by the key words was conducted using the electronic databases: Cochrane Library;MEDLINE, eLIBRARY for systematic review. We selected 94 publications, the systematic review included 10 scientific articles presenting the results of randomized trials. Results. The results of the analysis showed the connection between COVID-19 severity and inflammatory periodontal diseases presence. In the patients with severe COVID-19 on the background of periodontitis it was established a high risk for artificial lung ventilation prescription. The course of COVID-19 is possibly depending on high expression of ACE2 receptors in oral mucosal cells and aspiration of pathogenic bacteria from periodontal tissues with saliva on the background of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The bacterial etiology of periodontitis plays important role of an immunological trigger that causes hyperreaction of humoral and cellular immunity, NETosis activation and NLRP3 inflammation. Conclusion. The presence of periodontitis in patients with overweight and obesity, DM or hypertension may be associated with severe COVID-19 course, possible development of complications and pneumonia.Copyright © Eco-Vector, 2023. All rights reserved.
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The proceedings contain 78 papers. The topics discussed include: work disability, indirect costs and risk factors in patients with Crohn's disease in a Rio De Janeiro tertiary care center;proton pump inhibitors are associated with less severe periodontal disease: considerations for IBD patients;impact of COVID-19 pandemic in treatment adherence in inflammatory bowel disease patients;impact of COVID-19 in a cohort of patients with inflammatory intestinal disease;utilization of biologic therapy in patients with microscopic colitis not responding to standard therapy;restrictive eating symptoms may persist in children adolescents with treated IBD: case series;power calculations in randomized controlled trials of inflammatory bowel disease;measuring patient-reported outcomes in Crohn's disease patients during the outbreak of COVID-19;Tofacitinib and ileal pouch anal anastomosis. a single-center case series;corticosteroids, aminosalicylates and gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with the need of hospitalization in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and COVID-19;and manometric study and the role of the perianal disease and the clinical activity in anorectal dysfunction in Crohn's disease.
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Background/purpose: Horizontal bitewing radiographs are widely and frequently used in dentistry and are very reliable in diagnosing proximal caries and interproximal alveolar bone level. However, it is challengeable in detecting interproximal root caries, horizontal and/or vertical alveolar bone loss, and furcation involvements. The aim of this article was to assess the accuracy of vertical bitewing images in the diagnosis of caries and alveolar bone level compared to the horizontal bitewing technique. Materials and methods: Each one of the 20 patients had eight bitewing radiographs to get four horizontal bitewing (control) and four vertical bitewing (experimental) images for the same posterior area; a steel wire (3 mm) was used on the sensor plate to help measure the magnification later on. The radiographs were processed digitally and were evaluated for caries by two expert restorative specialists and for bone loss by two experienced periodontists. They were also compared to the "gold standard," which is using of both clinical and radiographic examination for diagnosis. They were blinded to each other during images evaluation. Results: Of the 20-patient sample size, 70% were male and 30% were female, with a mean age of 29.9. The average number of radiographs taken to achieve four standard bitewing radiographs was 5.9 ± 1.7 for vertical bitewings and 5.3 ± 1.3 for horizontal bitewing radiograph. The measurements from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the level of crestal bone didn't show a significant difference between the horizontal and vertical bitewing radiographs. The detection of furcation area in the molar teeth was much higher in the vertical bitewing (100%) compared to the horizontal bitewing (57.5%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The vertical bitewing radiograph has the upper hand over the horizontal bitewing radiograph in the detection of furcation involvement, caries detection, and alveolar bone loss. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use vertical bitewing in caries and patients with periodontal disease rather than the conventional horizontal bitewing.
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A recent increase in the prevalence of mucormycosis of the head and neck in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 following hospitalization has been reported. A Majority of the cases have been reported from India. Conditions such as diabetes mellitus, use of corticosteroids for other autoimmune conditions, organ transplant, immunosuppression, immunodeficiency, and malignancies especially hematologic ones, are all known risk factors for mucormycosis. Recently, hospitalization for COVID-19 has been added to the list of risk factors for opportunistic mucormycosis infection. This is likely attributable to the high doses and prolonged use of corticosteroids in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Case Description: Two patients with post-COVID-19 associated rhinocerebral mucormycosis presented with profound unexplained dental disease including tooth mobility and dental abscess mimicking periodontal disease. The patients were previously hospitalized for COVID-19 and received prolonged treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. The patients responded well to the surgical debridement with or without antifungal therapy. Conclusion: Oral healthcare providers including oral and maxillofacial surgeons, dentists, dental hygienists, and other dental practitioners can play a vital role in the recognition and early diagnosis of rhinocerebral mucormycosis given the large number of patients with severe COVID-19 infection who have recovered following hospitalization and/or received long-term high doses of immunosuppressive treatment.
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On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared a global emergency as a result of the 'novel coronavirus infection', which emerged from Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread across international borders. There is vast evidence that supports a direct link between oral cavities and this systemic circulation, but it is still unclear if oral conditions like periodontitis influenced the COVID-19 disease outcome. This scoping review highlights the fact that both periodontitis and COVID-19 independently increase serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, however there is a lack of documentation on if this biochemical profile synergizes with COVID-19 and/or periodontal severity in the same individuals. The purpose of this scoping review is to accumulate existing data on the serums IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α in COVID-19 and periodontitis patients and check if periodontitis negatively impacts the COVID-19 outcome, educating the population about the implications of COVID-19-related complications on their oral health, and vice versa, and motivating patients towards oral hygiene maintenance.
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Background: Studies have highlighted a possible influence of gingival and periodontal disease (PD) on COVID-19 risk and severity. However, the evidence is based on hospital-based studies and community-level data are sparse. Objectives: We described the epidemiological pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Delhi and evaluated the associations of gingival and PD with incident COVID-19 disease in a regionally representative urban Indian population. Methods: In a prospective study nested within the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia (CARRS) study, participants with clinical gingival and periodontal status available at baseline (2014-16) (n = 1,727) were approached between October 2021 to March 2022. Information on COVID-19 incidence, testing, management, severity was collected as per the WHO case criteria along with COVID-19 vaccination status. Absolute incidence of COVID-19 disease was computed by age, sex, and oral health. Differences in rates were tested using log-rank test. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate independent associations between gingival and PD and incidence of COVID-19, adjusted for socio-demographic and behavioral factors, presence of comorbidity, and medication use. Results: Among 1,727 participants, the mean age was 44.0 years, 45.7% were men, 84.5% participants had baseline gingival or PD and 89.4% participants had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Overall, 35% (n = 606) participants were tested for COVID-19 and 24% (n = 146/606) tested positive. As per the WHO criteria total number of cases was 210, constituting 12% of the total population. The age and sex-specific rates of COVID-19 were higher among men and older participants, but women aged >60 years had higher rates than men of same age. The incidence rate did not differ significantly between those having gingival or PD and healthy periodontium (19.1 vs. 16.5/1,000 person-years) and there was no difference in risk of COVID-19 by baseline oral disease status. Conclusion: Gingival and PD were not associated with increased risk of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Male , Humans , Female , Adult , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19 Vaccines , SARS-CoV-2 , Prospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection in human respiratory cells. The first spread of this disease first occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the spread of the infection as a global pandemic. People who are infected experience mild to moderate clinical symptoms which are characterized by an increase in T cell, CD8, and IgM/IgG levels. The occurrence of severe clinical symptoms reflects an excessive and uncontrolled increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which impacts the systemic condition and periodontal tissues of affected patients. Objective(s): The aim of this study is to describe the impact of SARS CoV-2 infection on periodontal tissues. Method(s): In this study, we searched the NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate databases. The keywords used were "coronavirus disease" o"COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" with "oral manifestations" and "periodontal," and we screened the articles using the PRISMA flow diagram. Result(s): Patients with COVID-19 present with a variety of systemic symptoms, as well as manifestations in the periodontal tissues, especially in the gingival area. Conclusion(s): SARS CoV-2 infection can impact periodontal tissues in the form of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, aphthous stomatitis, gingivahyperpigmentation, edema and erythema, lichen planus, and aphthous-like ulcers.Copyright © 2023 Karyadi et al.
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Purpose: This study explores the association between alveolar bone loss, tooth loss and severity of COVID-19. Material(s) and Method(s): In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients with confirmed COVID-19 who have had a dental panoramic radiograph within a maximum period of 5 years, providing information about alveolar bone loss and tooth loss. The severity of COVID-19 was determined based on the WHO clinical progression scale: (1) Mild/Ambulatory;(2) Moderate/Hospitalized;(3) Severe/Intensive care unit (ICU) or death. Result(s): 1730 patients were identified with COVID-19 from until October 31, 2020 in the Isala Hospital. Of these patients, 389 ever visited the OMFS department. 133 patients have had an orthopantomograph within a maximum period of 5 years and were included for analysis. The results showed a significant association between alveolar bone loss and COVID-19 severity (p = 0.028). Patients with alveolar bone loss had 5.6 times higher odds to be admitted to ICU or died, compared to ambulatory patients (OR: 5.60;95%CI: 1.21;25.99;P = 0.028). More tooth loss was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity (p = 0.047). Per tooth lost, patients had 4.2% higher odds for severe than mild COVID-19 (OR: 1.04;95%CI: 1.00;1.09;P = 0.047) and 6.0% higher odds for severe than moderate COVID-19 (OR: 1.06;95%CI: 1.01;1.11;P = 0.017). When adjusting for confounders in multivariate analyses, the significant associations of COVID-19 with alveolar bone loss and tooth loss were no longer present. Conclusion(s): In this retrospective explorative pilot study, alveolar bone loss and tooth loss are associated with the severity of COVID-19, however they are not independent risk factors. The current study could contribute to the design of further studies on the relationship between oral health and COVID-19.Copyright © 2021 The Authors
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Some studies have suggested potential relationships between periodontal disease and COVID-19, explained by many possible pathological pathways. The aim of this case-control study with a longitudinal arm was to investigate this association. 80 systemically healthy individuals (apart from COVID-19) were involved in this study, divided into 40 patients who had recently had COVID-19 (test, divided into severe and mild/moderate cases) and 40 who had not had COVID-19 (control). Clinical periodontal parameters and laboratory data were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, and chi-square test were performed to compare variables. Multiple binary logistic regression method was used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% confidence interval. Hs-CRP-1 and 2, Ferritin-1 and 2, lymphocyte count-1 values, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio-1 were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (p < 0.05). All of these laboratory values significantly decreased after COVID-19 treatment (p < 0.05) in the test group. Presence of periodontitis (p = 0.015) was higher and periodontal health was lower (p = 0.002) in the test group than in the control group. All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (p < 0.05), except plaque index. Prevalence of periodontitis was associated with increased odds of having COVID-19 infection (PR = 1.34; 95% CI 0.23-2.45) in the multiple binary logistic regression. COVID-19 is associated with periodontitis prevalence, through a series of possible mechanisms including local and systemic inflammatory responses. Further studies should investigate whether the maintenance of periodontal health may be a factor in the reduction of the severity of COVID-19 infections.
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An association of periodontal disease with the severity of COVID 19 disease has been observed during COVID 19 pandemic. This article explores the various hypotheses that link the two conditions, to understand their interrelationship. Targeted research may help elucidate evidence for screening of high-risk groups and identification of therapeutic targets.
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Oral, dental and craniofacial (ODC) health has a profound impact on general health and welfare throughout life, yet US dentists and physicians operate across misaligned silos. This protracted division limits access to optimal health, supports fee for services, and exacerbates health disparities. Early in the 20th century, the most frequent dental therapy was tooth extraction: removed infected teeth were substituted by prosthetic appliances - commonly, dentures or nothing. Most adults assumed becoming edentulous was a normal corollary of aging. With the discovery of penicillin and other antibiotics, healthcare professionals and policy makers predicted infectious diseases would become irrelevant. However, given numerous health threats, including SARS-CoV-2, HIV, multidrug-resistant bacteria, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and now monkeypox, public and professional awareness of transmissible infectious diseases has never been more evident. Ironically, little attention has been paid to unmet transmissible, infectious, common oral diseases - dental caries and periodontal diseases. Therefore, these persist within "the silent and invisible epidemic". The preventable death of a young boy in 2007 from an infected untreated tooth that produced bacterial meningitis is a profound reminder that our nation has vast inequities in education, health, and welfare. The impact of oral infections on hospital-acquired pneumonia, post-operative infection in cardiac valve surgery, and even academic performances of disadvantaged children displayed through sociodemographic characteristics and access to care determinants also are profound! This paper asserts that current and emerging ODC health knowledge and science will inform health policies and advance equity in access to care, affordable costs, and optimal healthcare outcomes. We recommend that legal and regulatory systems and public health programs be required to ensure health equity. A fair healthcare system that addresses holistic healthcare must be transparent, accessible, integrated and provide a standard of oral healthcare based upon scientific evidence for all people across the lifespan.
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Context: Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl plant is used for traditional therapy because of its content, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Aims: To determine the antibacterial ability of S. jamaicensis roots extract (SJRE) on some selected mouth bacteria through in vitro and in silico studies. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were done to explore the active compounds on SJRE. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction, molecular docking simulation and visualization of luvangetin, and xanthyletin as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial were investigated in silico. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of SJRE against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Actinomyces spp. were calculated. Results: Luvangetin and xanthyletin are good candidate drug molecules with low toxicity. Xanthyletin has higher binding activity than luvangetin to TNF-alpha, IL6, IL-10, peptidoglycan, flagellin, and dectin protein. SJRE exhibited a high antibacterial ability, and MIC. This extract inhibits the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans, E. faecalis and Actinomyces spp. at various concentrations 2000, 8000, and 8000 mu g/mL, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0001;p<0.05). Conclusions: SJRE has an antibacterial ability, and 2000 mu g/mL SJRE may act as an antibacterial agent in vitro. In addition, xanthyletin in SJRE has a potential role as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in silico.
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In orthodontics, the two primal snags encountered by orthodontists during the end stage of treatment are, loss of anchorage and relapse of treatment. Prevention of post treatment tooth movement would provide an immense relief to the practitioners. Therefore, this review is intended to serve as a resource in the aforementioned direction. It includes therecent developments in approaches like use of pharmacological agents,vibration &low-level laser therapy (LLLT). The impact of COVID-19 on approaches to orthodontic retention have also been discussed. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Objectives: In patients with periodontal disease, the risk of COVID-19 is very high, so it is important to check oral health. Because the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 disease are not fully understood and the relationship between severity, mortality, and oral health is challenging, in the present study, we tried to investigate the relationship between clinical outcomes and COVID-19. Therefore, the present study evaluated the associations between the dry mouth, Oral lesions, and Orofacial pain with COVID-19. Method(s): The present study is based on PRISMA guidelines;all articles were published in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase between March 2019 and May 2022. 95% confidence interval for effect size with random effect modal and REML were calculated. Meta-analysis of data collected from selected studies was performed using STATA.V16 software. Result(s): In the initial review, the s of 312 studies were reviewed, two authors reviewed the full text of 36 studies, and finally, 16 studies were selected. The prevalence of dry mouth and oral lesions in patients with COVID-19 was 39% (ES: 95% CI, 32 % to 46%) and 32% (ES: 95% CI, 22 % to 42%), respectively. Conclusion(s): The prevalence of dry mouth in patients with COVID-19 was higher (39%) than oral lesions (32%) and orofacial pain (23%). Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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SESSION TITLE: Variety in Chest Infections Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Actinomyces is a Gram-positive anaerobic and micro aerophilic filamentous bacillus that normally colonize the human mouth and digestive and urogenital tracts. They most commonly cause cervical and abdominopelvic infections and rarely pulmonary actinomycosis. CASE PRESENTATION: 67-year-old female with past medical history of recurrent DVT with IVC filter placement, non- ischemic cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, 40 pack year history, recent COVID19 infection, lung nodules & COPD presented with complaint of coughing up blood associated with chest pain for the past 2 days. She had a low-grade fever with stable vitals with preliminary labs showing she was anemic and had reactive leukocytosis. She was recommended to hold oral anticoagulation and follow-up outpatient during when her symptoms worsened. On admission she was started on tranexamic acid nebulization for hemostasis and underwent CTA chest which showed no evidence for pulmonary embolism but commented on a right lower lobe perihilar 12.5 mm mass which has increased in size compared to previous scans. Patient underwent bronchoscopy which showed generalized edema of the tracheobronchial tree with bleeding from superior segment of the right lower lobe bronchus with no visualization of mass. PET scan showed hyper-metabolic lung mass with concerns for malignancy. CT guided biopsy of nodule was done and was not staining for malignant cells, acid fast bacilli with no fungal or bacterial growth. Blood cultures and Karius Digital cultures were also negative. She began expectorating blood clots despite being on treatment and cardiothoracic surgery was consulted. A partial lobectomy with lysis of adhesions of the right lower lobe was done. Specimen sent to pathology showed no evidence for malignancy but instead elicited a contained pulmonary abscess containing filamentous bacteria with parenchymal inflammation with areas of chronic hemorrhagic fibrosing pleuritis and hilar thrombi. She was diagnosed with pulmonary actinomycosis and started on IV 24,000,000 IU penicillin. She underwent a panoramic dental x-ray which was read as suboptimal dentition with multiple missing teeth and did not identify a source. Patient symptoms resolved post lobectomy and since discharged on long course of antibiotics. She continued to have no more episodes of hemoptysis. DISCUSSION: Hemoptysis as a symptom of pulmonary actinomycosis is a rather rare presentation. Actinomycosis causes cavities, nodules, and pleural effusions. It is commonly mistaken for chronic suppurative lung disease and sometimes malignancy. Isolation and identification occur only a minority of cases with a high culture failure rate due to previous antibiotic therapy, inadequate incubation time or culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Due to it's variable presentation pulmonary actinomyces has a large overlap with other diseases but must be considered in the differential of unexplained hemoptysis. Reference #1: Hemoptysis secondary to actinomycosis: A rare presentation. PMID: 24778485 PMCID: PMC3999682 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.129864 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Victoria Famuyide No relevant relationships by rukhsaar khanam
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Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Corona Virus Disease 2019，COVID-19) has become a public health emergency that has attracted global attention because of its large-scale outbreak resulting in numerous human infections and deaths. COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV. Due to a large number of infections and fast transmission speed, it's significant to diagnose the infected people quickly and detect the asymptomatic infected people as soon as possible. At present, the preliminary screening is judged by the clinical manifestations of the patients, mainly involving the respiratory system, but recent studies have found that the patients infected with COVID-19 have unique oral manifestations, such as taste disturbance, xerostomia, halitosis, inflammation of salivary glands, necrotizing periodontal disease and some of them are earlier than typical symptoms such as dry cough, fever, etc. Paying attention to the oral manifestations of patients can further improve the COVID-19 screening procedure. At present, symptomatic treatment is mainly used for these oral symptoms. © 2022, J Prev Treat Stomatol Dis. All rights reserved.